ECUADOR
Official name: REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR
Short name: Ecuador
Date of membership: 2 April 1976
Capital: Quito
Government
Administrative divisions: 22 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia): Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe
Independence: 24 May 1822 (from Spain)
Constitution: 20 October 2008
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal, compulsory for literate persons ages 18-65, optional for other eligible voters.
Executive branch: Chief of state: President Rafael Correa Delgado (since January 15, 2007). Vicepresident Lenin Moreno Garcés (since January 15, 2007)
Note: The president is both the chief of state and head of government.
Legislative branch: Unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (100 seats; members are popularly elected by province to serve four-year terms)
Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (according to the Constitution, new justices are elected by the full Supreme Court)
Internet code: .ec
Official Web Portal: http://www.presidencia.gov.ec
Geography
Location: Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru.
Area: 283,561 km2
Land boundaries: 2,010 km
Border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km
Coastline: 2,237 km
Natural resources: petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower minerals, hydropower, diamonds.
Environment - international agreements: Party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94.
Economic indicators
| Total at current prices | 104296 | MIllions USD | 2017 |
| Per capita at current prices | 6274 | USD | 2017 |
| Growth rate per capita at constant prices | 2.4 | % | 2017 |
| Country share in regional GDP | 1.9 | % | 2017 |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP at current prices) | -21.6 | % | 2017 |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP at current prices) | 20.8 | % | 2017 |
Source: Ecuador: Economic National Profile. CEPALSTAT. Databases and Statistical Publications. ECLAC. On line. Inquiry: July 07, 2019.
Socio-demographic indicators
| Total population | 170101 | (000) | 2019 |
| Life expectancy | 77 | Años | 2015-2020 |
| Women | 79 | Años | 2015-2020 |
| Men | 74 | Años | 2015-2020 |
| Public health expenditure as a percentage of GDP | 8.5 | % | 2015 |
| Literacy rate for persons between the ages of 15 to 24 | 99.1 | % | 2016 |
| Net rate of enrolment in primary education | 88.2 | % | 2017 |
| Net rate of enrolment in secondary education | 5.0 | % | 2017 |
| Public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP | 4.2 | % | 2015 |
| Gini Coefficient | 0.44 | % | 2017 |
| Unemployment | 5.0 | % | 2017 |
Languages: Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)
